Understanding Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Disorder: What It Is and What Causes It

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Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Disorder (Non-24) is a circadian rhythm sleep condition that primarily affects individuals who are completely blind, although it can also occur in sighted people. This disorder disrupts the body’s internal clock, leading to a misalignment between one’s sleep-wake cycle and the external day-night cycle. As a result, those suffering from Non-24 may experience significant challenges in maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, often leading to insomnia or excessive daytime sleepiness.

The underlying cause of Non-24 is primarily related to the absence of light perception, which is crucial for regulating circadian rhythms. In people who are blind, the lack of light cues means their internal clock may not reset properly each day, causing their sleep-wake cycle to drift. For sighted individuals, factors like hormonal imbalances, certain medications, or neurological conditions may contribute to this disorder.

Symptoms of Non-24

Symptoms of Non-24 can vary, but those affected often report difficulty falling asleep at conventional times, frequent awakenings during the night, or prolonged periods of wakefulness. Over time, this misalignment can lead to chronic fatigue, mood disturbances, and impaired cognitive functioning.

Finding Solutions

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In summary, Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Disorder is a complex condition that affects many individuals, particularly those who are blind. By understanding its causes and symptoms, we can help those affected find better management strategies for their sleep health.